The need for acceptance is a basic human instinct. Who does not want to fit in, to belong? To achieve that, we often present slightly different versions of ourselves, depending on the environment and whose company we are in, tweaking each ‘edition’ to avoid alienation. Alienation is traumatic, something most of us have experienced following a death in the family, a change in employment, divorce, or leaving home for the first time. However, the most intense form of alienation is that of principles, values and religion.
The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ said:
بَدَأَ الْإِسْلَامُ غَرِيبًا ، وَسَيَعُودُ كَمَا بَدَأَ غَرِيبًا ، فَطُوبَى لِلْغُرَبَاءِ
“Islam began as something strange, and will go back to being something strange, so good news to the strangers.”[1]
The two categories of Ghurbah (Strangeness)
There are two categories of ghurbah (strangeness). the first is the ghurbah of the believers amidst the unbelievers, a reality that Allah has affirmed time and time again; Muslims, in the midst of non-Muslims, are usually a minority.
Allah said:
لَقَدْ جِئْنَاكُمْ بِالْحَقِّ وَلَكِنَّ أَكْثَرَكُمْ لِلْحَقِّ كَارِهُونَ
“Indeed We have brought the truth to you, but most of you have a hatred for the truth.”[2]
وَإِنْ تُطِعْ أَكْثَرَ مَنْ فِي الْأَرْضِ يُضِلُّوكَ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ
“And if you obey most of those on the earth, they will mislead you far away from Allah’s Path.”[3]
فَأَبَى أَكْثَرُ النَّاسِ إِلَّا كُفُورًا
“Most of mankind refuse and accept nothing but disbelief.”[4]
وَقَلِيلٌ مِنْ عِبَادِيَ الشَّكُورُ
“But few of My slaves are grateful.”[5]
إِلَّا الَّذِينَ آَمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ وَقَلِيلٌ مَا هُمْ
“Except those who believe and do righteous good deeds, and they are few.”[6]
In fact, the Prophet ﷺ said:
وَمَا أَنْتُمْ فِي أَهْلِ الشِّرْكِ إِلَّا كَالشَّعْرَةِ الْبَيْضَاءِ فِي جِلْدِ الثَّوْرِ الْأَسْوَدِ
“You are, amidst the disbelievers, like a white hair on the body of a black bull (a minority).”[7]
More recently, Idrissa Gueye, a Senegalese Muslim footballer, chose not to attend a match wearing a t-shirt displaying a symbol of the LGBT movement. As a result, the French Football Association said to him: “There are two possibilities. Either these allegations are unfounded and we invite you to speak without delay to silence these rumours. For example, we invite you to accompany your message with a photograph wearing said shirt. Or the rumours are true and we invite you to realise the impact of your act, and the grave error committed.”[8] Amidst the avalanche of condemnation that has fallen upon him, ghurbah is a suitable description of his state, along with many other Muslims who are hounded for simply trying to be as their Lord intended.
The second category is the ghurbah of the practicing Muslims amidst the non-practicing ones. They, too, are strangers, and sadly, the causers of this category of alienation are fellow Muslims. When, for example, the prohibition of trading with alcohol, usury or shisha are addressed, in many instances it is Muslims who are first to object. When the roles of motherhood and homemaking are praised and raised above all, it is Muslims in many instances who are first to protest. When the unjust policies of Muslim majority countries are criticised, it is Muslims who react with ‘asabiyya(sectarianism, nationalism) in blind support of their countries. As a word of advice to Muslims, especially where they exist as minorities; do not fuel the flames of ghurbah within the hearts of fellow Muslims as they have enough to contend with.
Al-Ḥasan al-Baṣrī said:
يا أهل السنة ترفقوا رحمكم الله فإنكم من أقل الناس
“O people of the Sunnah, be gentle with one another – may Allah have mercy on you – for you are a minority amongst the people.”[9]
Sufyān al-Thawrī said:
استوصوا بأهل السنة خيراً، فإنهم غرباء
“Be good to the people of the Sunnah, for they are strangers.”[10]
Whilst their Muslim peers aspire for the reassuring nods of approval from society, colleagues and friends, their aspirations are for Allah’s approval and the prophet’s nod of the Day of Reckoning. Whilst others jump through every hoop and wear every mask for the sake of fitting in, they hold tight to their values, conduct and appearance, even if it rocks a few boats. Society tells them that it’s impossible to fit in where one does not belong. So, they choose to inhabit the world on their terms and in accordance to who they truly are: travellers to Allah along the prophetic path.
Ghurbah is not a synonym of helplessness
Indeed, “Islam began as something strange” as a minority in Mecca; it began with a righteous woman, Khadījah; a truthful man, Abū Bakr; and a brave child, ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib. When Meccan society had labeled the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ a madman, a magician, a soothsayer and a mere poet, they were the ones to put their hands in his and declared their allegiance to him and his cause. They were strangers, aliens in their communities whose values were deemed incompatible with those of society. Allah said:
بَلْ عَجِبُوا أَنْ جَاءَهُمْ مُنْذِرٌ مِنْهُمْ فَقَالَ الْكَافِرُونَ هَذَا شَيْءٌ عَجِيبٌ
“But they are astonished that a warner should come to them from among themselves. Disbelievers say: ‘This is totally strange!’”[11]
أَجَعَلَ الْآلِهَةَ إِلَهًا وَاحِدًا إِنَّ هَذَا لَشَيْءٌ عُجَابٌ
“Has he reduced ˹all˺ the gods to One God? Indeed, this is totally strange!”[12]
The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ was sent amidst a stubborn and highly sectarian community, who would not hesitate to wage war against a neighbouring tribe due to a dispute over a single camel. Imagine, then, what they did do to a person who dared to speak against their idols for the sake of which they would slaughter thousands of camels? To answer this, the Prophet ﷺ said:
لَقَدْ أُخِفْتُ فِي اللَّهِ وَمَا يُخَافُ أَحَدٌ وَلَقَدْ أُوذِيتُ فِي اللَّهِ وَمَا يُؤْذَى أَحَدٌ وَلَقَدْ أَتَتْ عَلَيَّ ثَلَاثُونَ مِنْ بَيْنِ يَوْمٍ وَلَيْلَةٍ وَمَا لِي وَلِبِلَالٍ طَعَامٌ يَأْكُلُهُ ذُو كَبِدٍ إِلَّا شَيْءٌ يُوَارِيهِ إِبْطُ بِلَالٍ
“I was subjected to fear in the path of Allah at a time when no one else was afraid, and I was harmed in the path of Allah at a time when no one else was in pain. At one point, thirty consecutive days and nights passed by where Bilāl and myself had nothing to eat, except the little that Bilāl would hide under his armpit.”[13]
The Muslims remained as a subjugated minority for around 13 years, until the dawn of the Madinan era that marked the ascent of Islam. Its light reached every corner of the globe, and its justice was celebrated globally. Finally, Allah had released the Muslims from the heavy shackles of ghurbah.
This example, therefore, addresses a huge misconception; in the minds of many, the image of a gharīb (stranger) is that of a reserved, weak, disheveled individual who lives invisibly on the peripheries of society with no contributions, involvement or successes worth noting. The Prophetic example above however of hard work and meticulous planning despite his alienation refutes this; the ghurabā’ are doctors, surgeons, lawyers, influencers, carpenters, taxi drivers, teachers, builders, mothers, homemakers, students, participants in society, innovators in their fields and forces of positivity in their communities.
They are sociable and loveable people with families, friends, dreams and ambitions. Their only marker of separation is their inner state of ghurbah, never quite feeling at home with much of society’s dictates. They are anguished at the state of Muslims who have turned back on their religion and lost sight of their identity. It pains them to see alcohol sold by Muslims, hijabs that have lost touch with revelation, youth that have abandoned the Mosques. So, when they are alone with their Lord, they weep to Him complainingly and plan for the awakening of their brethren.
Clearly then, the ghurabā’ are not simpletons or an isolated group of people. Abū Bakr was gharīb, but was nevertheless an affluent merchant, spending on the poor, loaning to the needy, purchasing slaves to emancipate them, and a notable member of the Meccan society. ʿUmar, too, despite being stranger (gharīb), was eloquent in his speech, decisive in his opinions, virile, daring and imposing in his presence. Their understanding ghurbah (strangeness) had nothing to do with being idle, helpless, jobless or invisible from society. Instead, they understood it to mean being resolutely woven into the landscape of community in daʿwah, service and proactivity, whilst maintaining an unapologetic and clearly identifiable Islamic identity, and knowing where to draw the line, and if need be, when to walk away.
Identifying the strangers
The Prophet ﷺ was once asked about the ghurabā’:
من هم يا رسول الله ؟
“Who are they, O messenger of Allah?” He replied:
الذِينَ يَصلُحُونَ إِذَا فَسَدَ النَّاسُ
“Those who remain righteous when people become corrupt.”[14]
In another narration, the Prophet ﷺ described them by saying:
الَّذِينَ يُصْلِحُونَ مَا أَفْسَدَ النَّاسُ مِنْ بَعْدِي مِنْ سُنَّتِي
“They are the ones who rectify what people have corrupted from my Sunnah after me.”[15]
In a third narration, he said:
أُنَاسٌ صَالِحُونَ فِي أُنَاسِ سُوءٍ كَثِيرٍ مَنْ يَعْصِيهِمْ أَكْثَرُ مِمَّنْ يُطِيعُهُمْ
“They are righteous individuals amidst many evil people. Those who reject them are far more than those who accept them.”[16]
In short, they are righteous people, they advocate righteousness and they are rejected by the majority. These are the strangers, and so “good news” to them. Indeed, good news to the Muslim woman who holds on to her hijab in dignity, walks the earth in contentment with Allah’s religion, and reinvigorates the emaciated values of purity, chastity and ḥayā’. You resisted the whisperings of shayṭān and did not acquiesce under pressure, so congratulations for being strange, though in the Eyes of Allah, you are most certainly not strange.
Good news, too, to the Muslim man who did not drown in humanity’s psychotic race for fame and wealth, nor part ways with his prayer and love for daʿwah, nor disintegrate as a weak Muslim of blind imitation. Good news to those who lower their gaze and guard their limbs from the prohibited, to those who only consume from pure sources of income, and those who befriend only the finest of people. Congratulations for being strange, though in the Eyes of Allah, you are most certainly not strange.
Good news to those who have only one version of themselves to present, the righteous version, those who are unwilling to sandpaper down their religion to match the herd.
Imam Ibn al-Qayyim said:
هؤلاء هم أهل الله حقاً، فلا غربة عليهم
“These are truly the family of Allah, and so they are no strangers.”[17]
Having said the above, there are tangible ways of managing the stress of ghurbah. This will be addressed in part 2, inshā’Allah.
Source: Islam21c
Notes:
[1] Muslim, on the authority of Abūu Hurayrah
[2] Al-Qur’an, 43:78
[3] Al-Qur’an, 6:116
[4] Al-Qur’an, 17:89
[5] Al-Qur’an, 34:13
[6] Al-Qur’an, 38:24
[7] Al-Bukhārī and Muslim, on the authority of Ibn Masʿūd
[8] https://www.getfootballnewsfrance.com/2022/fff-send-letter-to-idrissa-gueye-over-rainbow-shirt-affair/
[9] Al-Lalakā’ī
[10] Al-Lalakā’ī
[11] Al-Qur’an, 50:2
[12] Al-Qur’an, 38:5
[13] Aḥmad, on the authority of Anas ibn Mālik.
[14] Abū ʿAmr al-Dānī, Al-sunan al-wāridah fī al-fitan, on the authority of Ibn Masʿūd
[15] Al-Tirmidhī, on the authority of ʿAmr ibn ʿAwf
[16] Aḥmad, on the authority of ʿAbd Allah ibn ʿAmr
[17] Madārij al-sālikīn
Shaykh Ali Ihsan Hammuda is Islam21c’s Tarbiya Editor. A UK national of Palestinian origin, he gained bachelors and masters’ degrees in Architecture & Planning from the University of the West of England, before achieving a BA in Shari’ah from al-Azhar University in Egypt. He is currently based in Wales and is a visiting Imām at Al-Manar Centre in Cardiff, and also a senior researcher and lecturer for the Muslim Research & Development Foundation in London. Shaykh Ali is the author of several books including ‘The Daily Revivals’, ‘The Ten Lanterns’ and ‘The Friday Reminder’. He delivers sermons, lectures and regular classes across the country.